Author: joshr

Congratulations on this step to better health.

This eMail is needed to tell you things that are VITAL to your ownership, startup, use and enjoyment of the AquaCure AC50  PLEASE read ALL this eMail!

First VITAL:  Your Eagle-Research User Account…
When you purchased your AquaCure, if you didn’t already have one, the website automatically created an account for you (usually based on  the eMail you used to order) and sent you the account details (including the password).  This is NEEDED to access your online Resources.

If you did not receive the password eMail, check your junk or spam folders and if it’s there, drag it into your inbox, to whitelist us.  The internet is NOT KIND to our eMails…

If you cannot find the eMail, you can still get into your user-account by using the ‘lost password’ procedure.
https://eagle-research.com/my-account/edit-account/

Then you can change the password to whoever you want and Very Important… Press UPDATE at the bottom of the page to tell the website to remember your changes.

If you DON’T receive the ‘lost password reset’ eMail (sent to the eMail address you used to purchase the AquaCure), then your eMail SERVER (Hotmail, gmail, yahoo, etc.) is deleting the automatic eMails from our website before they get to you.
Nothing I can do about that.
But YOU should be able to talk to whomever is serving your eMails and tell them to whitelist
website_emails@mg.eagle-research.com

NOTE: Since you purchased the AquaCure from us directly, your AquaCure IS REGISTERED and your Satisfaction Guarantee and Lifetime Warranty are started.

There are things that we cannot say online (AquaCure Sales Page) or organizations like customs or the FDA will not deliver the AquaCure to you and/or shut us down.

The issue is that the AquaCure is not registered as a ‘Medical Device’ AND we are not Doctors (as certified by Big Pharma indoctrination) thus we cannot make any claims or even imply that it can be used for Human ailments.
https://eagle-research.com/legal-medical-disclaimer/

We ARE working to get certification (we are paying for appropriate scientific studies), but the process is time consuming (will take years) and expensive (might take millions of dollars) even if they do approve it in the end.  And they might not…

Because products that do what the AquaCure can do (virtually eliminate most of the drugs big Pharma sells) are treated with extreme prejudice… Where products that harm people are often immediately approved, at Warp Speed and without appropriate safety testing… Such is the upside down world we now live in…

So HERE, in a personal eMail to YOU, we will tell you what you need to know and we invite you to ask questions if needed.  But do please read review the links below first and then be specific with your questions, our people are working hard to help everyone.

First to know, the AquaCure AC50 Operation Manual is NOT INCLUDED in the AquaCure box (because it contains details for human use of the AquaCure).  You can download the current Operation Manual Here
https://eagle-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/AC50-Operation-Manual190414.pdf

What is included in the AquaCure box is a ’throwaway’ instructions pamphlet (from the original VING chassis) on how to setup to fuel a MICRO-TORCH…
Which the AquaCure CAN do and will be needed to apply protocols 5 and 6 (DDW and New Water).
Use as a micro-torch is 100% LEGAL and what you would say if anyone calls you and asks what your ‘end use’ is…

The micro-torch is not included ‘just for show’… In addition to the great fun you can have using the micro-flame, it has EXTREME VALUE for HEALTH.  And we will tell you about protocols 5 and 6 when we get current projects taken care of.
Again, subscribe to our eNews for notification when we are ready.

Because the AquaCure AC50 developed (upgraded) faster than the instructions, here is the Operation Manual UPDATE, which has information that supersedes the Manual
https://eagle-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/AquaCure-Operation-Manual-Update-Notes.pdf

Our intention is that you print the Operation Manual and Update for yourself.
If you wish to purchase a paper copy of these Operation instructions, you can buy them from:
https://eagle-research.com/product/aquacure-operation-manual/
And they will be shipped separately from the AquaCure Box.

We ARE making an amazing, new and professionally done, AquaCure AC50 Assembly and Operation Manual, that will replace the above once done.
Subscribe to our eNews to be informed when it is ready.

NEXT (NOT included in the Box) is the Nasal Cannulas.  Those are a dead giveaway that the AquaCure in the box is intended to be used for Humans.  ‘They’ occasionally open the boxes enroute, and examine the contents, so we need to be careful what is IN the box.  We cannot have cannulas in the box…

So, there are MANY places you can purchase nasal cannulas online and get them very fast.
For example:
https://www.amazon.com/s?k=nasal+cannula+adult+soft+touch+7%27+tubing&crid=OLNCYOEO4W3G&sprefix=nassal+cann%2Caps%2C90&ref=nb_sb_ss_ts-doa-p_10_11

If you wish to purchase cannulas from us, we sell them here:
https://eagle-research.com/product/nasal-cannulas/
and they are SHIPPED SEPARATELY from the AquaCure Box

Click here to see an impromptu AquaCure AC50 Setup and Operation Video.
https://youtu.be/723gzax3z7Y
We ARE making better (professionally done) videos and those will be available to you once done.
Subscribe to our eNews to be informed when they are ready.

THIRD, Lye IS usually included in the box, but sometimes customs removes it (it’s a white powder) so we cannot guarantee that it will arrive.
Again, lye is easy to buy online, for example:
https://www.amazon.com/Lye/s?k=Lye

AquaCure New Timer Switch
https://youtu.be/P0J4GxuddxM

Apply Teflon Tape on AquaCure Fill Stem
https://youtu.be/sFXJaOSwwZs

Properly Install the Tower Cap
https://youtu.be/Pr98DMe94No

Make sure your Tower Cap base Union is sealed properly (it may take up to 30 wraps of Teflon Tape and that (in the future) you remove the Tower Cap using the Union ring (no need to remove the Union base), so you do not need to keep re-applying the Teflon Tape.
DO NOT ’torque’ (twist) on the Tower Cap itself to seal the Union base fitting; doing so will ‘lock up’ the big Union ring, requiring wrenches to loosen it.
ALWAYS install the Union base FIRST (look for the white box), THEN put the Tower Cap on the base.
A band wrench is now included to help you tighten the Union base onto the Fill stem.

AquaCure Rinsing Technique
https://youtu.be/oac55WgfIvs

When Rinsing:
To dissolve soap formations and lye crystals you need water in the 120° F to 140°F range.  The water must be hot; warm water does little.

Remember to trade out the hot water within a minute or so (at first) because it will cool quickly as it heats up the components.
You Fill the AquaCure to FULL with HOT water (6 to 7 cups).  Then alternately and SLOWLY lift the front and back of the machine up to 60 degrees to ‘wash’ the HOT water up and down in the Sight Tube.
You need to change out the HOT water frequently because it cools off quickly and warm water does little to dissolve soap.
NOTE: If the HOT water doesn’t ‘’reach’ the tight tube, doesn’t wash’ up and down in the sight tube, it CANNOT clean the sight tube; if you are not getting the water washing up and down in the sight tube, it’s likely due to a plug or restriction that needs to be fixed ‘manually’; ask for instructions.

Note: I occasionally get an ‘air bubble’ in the tube (so it will seem that the sight tube and/or ball is not ‘registering’ the actual fluid level correctly).
Generally air bubbles will eventually clear on their own, but you can ‘hurry’ the process by filling the AquaCure with solution.  Then alternately and VERY SLOWLY lift the front and back of the machine up to 60 degrees to ‘wash’ the solution up and down in the Sight Tube, washing out the air bubble(s) and then the ball should float properly.

H2 Hubb AquaCure AC50,  Unboxing, Setup and Test videos:
Unboxing   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i5CAuVYu_a4&t=368s
Setup    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PAmDyKdai4Y
Test gas production   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w1GOztHEOgk

Optionally: Setup your AquaCureAC50 torch attachment:
https://youtu.be/v2ufQWJ0l0Q

See Brown’s Gas testimonials / studies / etc. here:
http://eagle-research.life

AquaCure Brochure
https://eagle-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/AC-Brochure-small-v4generic.pdf

Brown’s Gas for Health (legacy page)
https://eagle-research.com/browns-gas-for-health

What is Brown’s Gas?
https://eagle-research.com/q-what-is-browns-gas-bg/

Why would you want Brown’s Gas in your life?

https://eagle-research.com/why-does-browns-gas-supplementation-help-health/

Why is Brown’s Gas better than pure hydrogen?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=amruwdyj3j0

I cannot legally tell you how to use your AquaCure for health (that’d be ‘prescribing’) but I can tell you how I use it
https://eagle-research.com/how-i-use-browns-gas-for-health-enhancement/

Plants Don’t Lie
https://eagle-research.com/plants-dont-lie/

Purchase your AquaCure model AC50 here:
https://eagle-research.com/product/ac50/

May the blessings be
George Wiseman

Re: Weigh In: America’s Oil Dependence as per OurEnergyPolicy.org
To Bill Squadron,

Gary Vesperman asked me to add my comment to your energy policy presentation.

I’m very surprised that Gary Vesperman, of all people, hasn’t addressed the elephant in the room.

He is one of the few people I know that has been gathering evidence about the suppression of energy innovation in America specifically and around the world generally.

I did not see anything in the discussions or comments that actually addresses the REAL problem…

Capitalistic Politics (aka Vested Interest Control).

It is a FACT that there are many practical technologies already proven and existing that could solve our energy problems in a very short time, at minimal cost.  It’d also put a LOT of people to work.
This includes both interim technologies (to assist phase-over) and long term eco-compatible technologies.

We could be 100% energy independent for a fraction of the military cost of ‘maintaining’ present fossil fuel policy and infrastructure.  We’d also stop making enemies faster than we can kill them.  How much blood are we willing to exchange for oil?  Will it stop when it’s OUR blood being spilled?

I personally have several fuel saving technologies (in use since 1984) (click) that could cut the use of fossil fuel by 50%, with a payback time between 6 months and 5 years depending on the application; this is assuming that people retrofit the technology… it would be MUCH less expensive (and potentially more efficient) to simply incorporate it OEM.

There are over 5000 fuel-saver patents that are NOT incorporated into any vehicle.   Nearly a hundred years ago Charles Nelson Pogue invented a carburetor that would take an ordinary 4 door car over 200 mpg with perfect power and pretty much zero pollution.

There is no question in my mind that, with publicly EXISTING technologies, the USA could reduce oil imports to accept oil only from ‘friendly’ countries (like Canada and Mexico) within a couple of years and be totally oil independent within 5 years; just with fuel-saving technologies that I know are practical and inexpensive.
(Cutting down the military use of oil would be a tremendous help).

I have several other energy saving technologies too, like my capacitive power supply (that could be incorporated into smart-grids and appliances).  I’m no genius (as my wife can attest), I developed all of this with only the resources available to the average homeowner and using technology available nearly 100 years ago.

I have felt the sharp edge of Vested Interest suppression…
I have many stories about that (click)

I believe:
Talk (and presentations) about energy policy won’t change anything until suppression is removed.
NO progress will happen as long as government energy policy is influenced by Vested Interest.
NO progress will happen as long as Vested Interest is allowed to directly suppress innovators.

The government itself is one of the Vested Interest, receiving up to $0.70 of every fossil-fuel dollar via various taxes (starting with wellhead tax and including income tax from industry employees).

Most people think it is some wild “conspiracy theory” if anyone claims that the government has ever prevented an invention from coming to market. If you are willing to explore the idea, WIRED magazine just published a story on this topic that you can read here:
http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2013/04/gov-secrecy-orders-on-patents/
As it turns out, any potentially “disruptive” technology will be evaluated for its “national security” impact (I wonder by whom? And by what criteria?) and dealt with accordingly.  The suppressed technology is usually stored in Government archives…

Virtually all energy policy is more political than practical and what is practical is ignored or bypassed (for example: car companies receive minor fines for not meeting fuel efficiency mandates or they bypass the law by creating an entirely new class of automobile like SUV).

REAL energy-saving and energy-producing technologies have been suppressed for over a century.
The government has, hidden in secret, several free-energy and anti-gravity technologies, withheld from the public under guise of National Security.
Just release them and our fossil-fuel issues are over.  Bring the military home to help re-build America.  Help the world and rebuild our reputation.
But none of this will happen as long as Vested Interest controls the government.

Capitalistic Politics, supporting the Vested Interest, is like a Cancer in our Republic.  I think it has metastasized, adding Capitalistic Socialism, which encourages entitlement mentality and is skewed to allow the rich to get richer at the expense of the public, with the government taking ALL of the risk.

Solve Capitalistic Politics in a way that releases the innovative capability of the American People and we’ll automatically solve the energy crisis.
American innovators have ALREADY solved the problem many times and in many ways; and every real answer has been suppressed!

Any ‘energy policy’ discussion that doesn’t first address Capitalistic Politics is, in my opinion, futile.
That’s why I take my innovations directly to the people.

Solve Capitalistic Socialism (stop government from ‘taking care of us’ for the profit of Vested Interest) and we’ll regain the Constitutional rights and freedoms that made us great.  We’ll also regain the essential element of being allowed to FAIL.

I appreciate that some very smart people are trying to address the USA energy policy and I think they’ll come up with lots of good ideas… but I firmly believe nothing presented to the government will succeed in any meaningful way unless the issue of Vested Interest is addressed first.

An extremely focused example is: President Obama won’t put the solar panels back onto the roof of the Whitehouse.  President Carter put them there and President Reagan removed them.  This is a simple and clear indication of the past and present administration’s agenda and intentions.

Making presentations to the fox in control of the henhouse is a waste of energy; bad energy policy in my opinion.

This is the elephant in the room.

May the blessings be?

George Wiseman

This page is intended for those people who have downloaded the ‘Wiseman’s Wheel’ pre-view eBook version 150119.

As I’ve been answering questions I’ve become aware of several issues.

1. Some ‘lables’ that need to be put on the Stage 6 drawing

S = small wheel
Sg = small wheel gear (0.2222’ diameter), securely fastened to S, sharing same axle.
B = big wheel
Bg = big wheel gear (2’ diameter), securely fastened to B, sharing same axle.

B and Bg are fixed together, S and Sg are fixed together, Bg and Sg are interlocked.
So full negative torque of B (radius of 1′) is applied to Sg (radius of 0.111′)

As far as Sg is concerned, the full weight of B weights are applied to the Sg.  In this calculation, the ratio of torque of B weights to B axle is meaningless.  This is what I mean by B ‘freewheeling’.  The B wheel (in this case) only exists to hold the weights aligned, to register back with the S wheel.

2. Number of balls on B
To clarify, there are only 4 balls on B at any given time.  As a ball is added from S12 (corrected) to B1, a ball is subtracted from B5 to S6.

3. S wheel miss-numbers
I see I mis-numbered 11,12 and 13 on Sketch 6.  (Corrected already).

4. The Stage 6 drawing needs the gears drawn in. (I’ll do that)

5. The Stage 6 concept needs clearer explaination. (I’m working on that)

6. Long math for calculating Sg radius:

D = diameter, C = circumference, R = radius, π = 3.14159
Calculating the circumference of a circle with a diameter (D x π = C).   
Calculating the diameter of a wheel from the circumference (C / π = D)

Bg = 2’ diameter = 6.28318 C
To find diameter of Sg that will rotate 45° every time Primary Wheel rotates 5°
# of 5° in 360° = 360/5 = 72   6.28318 / 72 = 0.08726639’ per 5°  
0.08726639’ x 8 (8 of 45° to get 360°) = 0.69813112’ C for Sg.
Sg D = 0.69813112 / 3.14159 = 0.2222’
Sg radius = D / 2 = 0.1111’

7. Stage 6 math contains a fundemental conceptual mistake. 
Jan. 21/15 … I made a mistake.  Not the first time and won’t be the last.

Re-Calculating S wheel torque:  http://www.engineersedge.com/calculators/levers/page_levers_1.htm
F = (W x X) / L  or  F x L = W x X
W = 3.977 lbs.  X = Sg is 0.111’ (1.332”) radius.  L = S is 0.25’ (3”) radius. 
3.977 lbs x 0.111’ = 0.442 ft/lb   0.442 ft/lb / 0.25’ = 1.766 ft/lbs counter-clockwise.

Turns out that the S works like a lever balance and the ‘balance’ force the S wheel needs to overcome at it’s rim (from 3.977 lbs at Sg rim at 180°), is 1.766 lbs clockwise at S rim 0°…
NOT 0.442 ft/lbs counter-clockwise as I’d assumed in Discovery Stage 6.

So… Assuming counter-clockwise rotation, the S wheel has;
a ‘positive’ (weight lifting) torque of 1.766 ft/lbs (from Bg leverage through Sg) + 0.177 (Weight 6) = 1.943 ft/lbs and
a ‘negative’ torque of 0.177 (Weight 8) + 0.250 (Weight 9) + 0.177 (Weight 10) = 0.604 ft/lbs…
Weights S7 and S11 are neutral.  There are no weights in positions S12 and S13.
The NET positive counter-clockwise torque on S would be 1.339 ft/lbs.

So S on Stage 6 would turn counter-clockwise as the B wheel turns clockwise, just the opposite as I had ‘assumed’ with my initial Discovery Stage 6 concept/math.

I’ll get a leverage drawing made, to make this concept clearly understandable.

Balls would be fed from S12 (corrected) into B1 and from B5 into S6

I made a mistake and it SEEMS to have worked out better than I could have imagined…

8. The eBook download process is cumbersome.  

I’d like to make it smoother, but I need feedback as to where people are having trouble.  Please report to me where you had issues and, if possible, make suggestions as to how I could help people do it smoother.

I can’t just send a PDF because my website is fully integrated to support my eBooks, with Resources, Forums, Affiliate stuff, etc.  The eBooks (real version, not what you have) are intimately linked to my website.

And the eBooks are each custom generated through this process, ‘stamping’ personal information on most of the pages, so people are less likely to spread the information freely (because they’d be giving out their personal information).  People who want to share are then more likely to share the download link instead, which helps my affiliate program.

Another advantage of the ‘custom stamping’ my website does is that I can easily track down people who are sharing inappropriately (by looking at the eBook they ‘shared’ on someplace like Scribd) and shut off their website access to Resources/updates/eNews/etc. (even prosecute if I choose).

This system also ‘protects’ me from people just spreading my literature virally without compensation to me.  Anyone who gets a version that isn’t registered to them is limited in it’s value, because they can’t access the online Resources, etc.  The ‘viral’ version then encourages them to register.  I don’t patent my innovations, so this (selling information and helping people replicate my work) is my way of making a living… I NEED that income to continue to exist.

9. Dave Brown points out that Sketch 5 has an issue 
in that the inner weights don’t line up precisely with the outer weights:

The weight #67 from the inner track would leave when the inner track angle is 36.9705° to instantly (horizontally) meet weight position #1 which is at 17.5° on the outer track.

I get that.  It doesn’t change the torque because there is no longer a weight at #67

But, I see I got the angle on #8 wrong.  It should have been 342.5° (-17.5°).  It doesn’t change the math at the end but accuracy is important.  

The weight #8 from the outer track at angle -17.5° to instantly (horizontally) meet weight position #9 which is at -38.03° (321.97°) on the inner track.  

I get that too, thank you.

That would reduce the torque of the wheel by about 0.017 ft/lbs and make it more difficult to ‘register’ the two tracks together…

Have to think on that one.  

1. Maybe have the weight on the outer track leave early. What would that angle be?) to meet #9 at 325°

2. Make the path to the inner track raised a bit? (3° would cost us a bit of power but we’d gain some torque to compensate).  

3. Change the geometry, (try to find a place where the inner and outer tracks line up)?

4. Rotate the inner weights (like I did the outer) so that they more closely line up horizontally.

5. Go to a secondary wheel, like concept 6?

OK, I ‘see’ something.  
We may have to rotate the inner weights a couple degrees but then we can take advantage of the horizontal  ‘miss-alignment’ geometry. I think this idea can work as long as the total exchanges take place within the designed 5°.

We can take advantage of the slight misalignment between the inner and outer tracks by NOT having instantaneous ball exchanges.

We can stagger when we apply the weight exchanges and thus we can gain more torque.

This idea presumes we have a horizontal ‘track’ (shaped like a half donut) that is ‘fixed’ (separate from the wheel) and held horizontal.  It is sized to ‘register’ with the inner and outer weight holes, as they com into alignment with it.  We have such a track on the top and bottom for ball exchanges.

So we add a weight to the inner ring #9 (from the horizontal track) slightly BEFORE we take the weight from #8 on the outer ring…
And we add a weight to #1 on the outer ring (from the horizontal track) slightly BEFORE we take the weight from inner track #66.
So for a couple of degrees we actually have an additional 1+ ft/lb of torque.

Explanation of Centripetal and Centrifugal force. 

Center of Gravity experiments.

Ferris Wheel Physics.

Wheel Dynamics. 

Gravitational Machine, pendulum technology of Veljko Milkovic.
Bedini coil to keep VM technology running. Using bicycle frame. 

Tests of weight on wheel as pendulum.

Secondary Wheels:  These DO WORK

Wally Minto’s Wonder Wheel – 04/30/97
http://www.keelynet.com/energy/minto.htm

Wallace MINTO – Freon Power Wheel
http://www.rexresearch.com/minto/minto.htm  

Using gasoline or alcohol as working fluids
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVpeNLjJT6g

This one, using ‘hanging pendulem weights’ might work better if there was a ‘ramp’ along the bottom third to direct the weights from the outer to the inner radius.

The problems with wheels like these (which use rolling weights) are:
1. (As far as I know) any wheel that uses gravity to move the weights will always move the weights too late to optimize torque on the wheel.
2. (In most cases) weights that move with gravity are subject to being neutralized by centrifugal force… If the wheel was ever to speed up the weights would not ‘roll’ to the inner radius…

Then there are the people who fool themselves with levers:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8TniRMwL2Vg

DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS DEALING WITH HEAT

Knowledge of the effects and nature of heat is necessary for a clear understanding of H.E.A.T. Machine technology.  I have included this information for those who have no understanding of heat to have a reference point to study from and gather more information.  For those who know something of heat and its effects this will be a review.

Heat is a form of energy, and since it is not a substance, it can only be dealt with only through its effects on substances.  Every substance on earth contains some heat, so that when a body is “cold” it means only that the heat which it contains is less concentrated or less intense than the heat in some other body used for comparison.  One instructor told me, there is no such thing as cold, only a relative lack of heat.

Absolute zero:  As heat is removed from a substance its temperature decreases and there must be some point where there will be no more heat remaining in the substance to be extracted.  This point is known as absolute zero (-459.6oF) and has been determined only theoretically.

Measurement of heat:  In order to measure the heat in a substance, we must consider (1) the concentration of the heat and (2) the heat holding nature of the substance.  The white hot filament of an electric light bulb may contain fewer heat units than a pail of warm water, but in the filament the heat is more highly concentrated.  Temperature expresses the concentration of heat in a body, and this concentration is determined by measuring its effect on some other material which has been agreed upon as a standard of measurement.  Mercury thermometers are an example of a device in general acceptance.

Heat flow:  Heat flows from bodies of higher temperature to bodies of lower temperature in a manner similar to that in which water flows from a higher level to a lower level; and like water, it can be pumped uphill, from which point it can flow away in a different direction.  When two substances are brought into thermal contact (so heat can flow) the heat starts to flow from one into the other till their temperatures are equal, at which time the flow stops.  The greater the temperature difference between the two bodies, the faster the heat flow; and as the temperature difference approaches zero, the rate of heat flow approaches zero.  Heat can flow from one substance to another in three ways, or a combination of these. 

(1) Radiation:  In radiation, as from the sun, in which no material substance acts as a carrier, radiant heat may pass through a transparent substance without warming it and is stopped or absorbed only by an opaque substance.  Usually darker objects will absorb more heat than lighter ones.  Like light, radiant heat travels in a straight line from its source and can best be reflected with a polished surface.  For this reason, areas that you don’t want to absorb radiant heat should be surfaced with light colored reflective surfaces.

(2) Conduction:  In conduction, as through a bar or tube from one end to the other, the heat is passes from one particle of material to the next one touching it.  The flow of heat by conduction also takes place on the surface of the object to a liquid or gas touching it.

(3) Convection:  Convection is the transfer of heat from a warm body to a cold one by a fluid (liquid or gas) acting as a carrier between the two.  In natural convection the fluid usually absorbs heat by conduction, when fluids absorb heat they become lighter and rise (up against gravity).  The extra heat is usually given to some other “cooler” medium and the carrier fluid becomes heavy again, dropping down to be heated again.  In mechanical convection, the working medium is pumped form the warm to cold bodies and back again.  In any convection system, care must be taken to design for the most direct route.

Unit of heat:  The “amount of heat” added to, or subtracted from, a body can be measured best by the rise and fall in the temperature of a known weight of a substance.  As a standard for all heat measurement, the unit of heat has been agreed upon to be 1/180 part of the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water from 32oF to 212oF at atmospheric pressure.  This amount of heat is known as the British thermal unit, or BTU.

Specific heat:  The specific heat of a substance is the ratio of the heat required to raise the temperature of a unit weight of the substance 1o to the heat required to raise the temperature of water 1o at some specified temperature.  The specific heat is thus numerically equal to the number of BTU’s required to raise the temperature of one pound of the substance through 1oF.  The specific heat of water is 1 by adoption as standard and the specific heat of another substance (solid, liquid or gas) is determined experimentally by comparing it with water.  Specific heat expresses the heat holding nature of a substance compared to the heat holding capability of water.

Sensible heat:  Heat added to (or subtracted from) a substance without causing a change in state will cause an increase (or decrease) in temperature that can be measured with a thermometer.

Latent heat:  This is heat added (or subtracted) from a substance that can’t be measured with a thermometer.  This is the heat required for a substance to “change its state” at its freezing or boiling point.  If it is at its freezing point, it is called the latent heat of fusion.  If it is at its boiling point, and is going from a liquid to a gas, it is called its latent heat of vaporization.  If it is at its boiling point, and is going from a gas to a liquid, it is sometimes called its latent heat of condensation. 

A solid won’t get hotter than its freezing point no matter how much heat is applied, it will simply thaw faster.  The resulting liquid can then continue to rise in temperature with “sensible heat”.

Increasing the pressure on a substance will raise its freezing or boiling temperature but will not affect its latent heat of fusion or evaporation.

Decreasing the pressure on a substance will lower its freezing or boiling temperature but will not affect its latent heat of fusion or evaporation.

The latent heat of fusion of water at 32oF at atmospheric pressure is 144 BTU per pound (freezing or melting) 

The latent heat of vaporization of water at 212oF at atmospheric pressure is 970.3 BTU per pound (condensing or evaporating).

Total heat:  Since measurements of the total heat in a certain weight of a substance cannot be started at absolute zero, a temperature is adopted at which it is assumed there is no heat and tables of data are constructed on that basis for practical use.  Data tables giving the heat content of most commonly used refrigerants start at -40oF below zero as the assumed point of no heat;  tables for water and steam start at 32oF above zero.  Data tables usually show a notation showing the starting point for heat content measurement.

Insulation:  There would be no way for refrigeration systems to work if insulation was not applied to enclose the area being cooled.  Insulation should be applied that effectively reduces heat transfer to your cooled area by radiation, conduction and convection.

Refrigerants:  A liquid has different boiling temperatures (points) for different pressures under which is confined.  The boiling point is also the condensation point for that pressure.  This pressure-temperature relation must be determined experimentally for each liquid.

Water boils at 212oF at atmospheric pressure (14.7 psi absolute or zero psi gauge).  Water boils at 100oF at 28 inches of vacuum, Hg (.98 psi absolute) and at 338oF at 100 psi (gauge)

Because most liquids used as refrigerants have low boiling points, they can not exist as liquids at ordinary atmospheric temperatures and pressures.  They are held as liquids by confining them under higher pressures. 

Usually if refrigerant liquids are simply confined in a container, at atmospheric temperature, some of the liquid will turn to vapor, thus pressurizing the container enough that the rest of the liquid will stay in the liquid state.  If outside temperatures go up, a little more of the liquid will vaporize and the container’s interior pressure will rise again to maintain the rest of the liquid as liquid.  If outside temperatures go down, container pressures drop as it losses heat.

So cooling the container is a good way to reduce pressure and/or cause the gasses to lose their latent heat of vaporization and condense.

Critical temperature:  The temperature beyond which a liquid can no longer exist as a liquid, no matter how much pressure is applied.

Critical pressure:  The maximum pressure that can be applied to a liquid to prevent it from changing into a gas. 

Beyond the critical temperature and pressure point of a liquid, it will turn into a gas.  If you don’t have a container strong enough to hold the pressure resulting in the sudden expansion of liquid to gas in an enclosed area, then your container will explode.

My brother and I learned this the hard way.  Interestingly enough, it was on the exact same day the space shuttle Challenger blew up.

Saturated Refrigerant:  When the temperature of a liquid is raised to the boiling point corresponding with its pressure, both liquid and gas exist together and the condition is called saturated.  Below the boiling point it is only liquid.  Above the boiling point it is only gas and becomes what is called superheated gas.

Strictly speaking, saturated gas is “vapor” until it is superheated and then it is a gas.

Evaporator:  The evaporator provides contact for the refrigerant gasses and the area (substance) to be cooled.  Liquid refrigerant in the evaporator is maintained at a low enough pressure that it is well below its boiling point for the temperature of the substance to be cooled.  As the liquid refrigerant boils, it soaks up large amounts of latent heat.

In my H.E.A.T. Machine technology the evaporator is or is incorporated into my boiler.

Compressor:  In order to remove the “hot” (boiled) gasses from the evaporator, ordinary refrigeration systems use a compressor.  When the “hot” gasses are compressed, they rise in temperature according to Boyles Law.  They also rise in pressure, which raises the boiling point, so the gasses don’t have to lose as much temperature before they will condense.

Condenser:  The condenser is the heat exchanger that allows the heat from the compressed “hot” gasses to leave the refrigerant and go out into the surrounding (cooler) environment, like your kitchen.  That would be an air cooled condenser.  You can cool condensers with liquid or solids as well.

In my H.E.A.T. Machine technology, there is no condenser as such; the gasses have the heat taken out of them by doing mechanical work.

The condensed refrigerant drains (or is pumped) from the condenser into a storage reservoir where it waits its next chance at the evaporator.

Expansion valve:  Sometimes is a simple orifice, the expansion device allows only enough refrigerant into the evaporator for what the compressor removes, thus keeping the maximum boiling action going on.  At least until the cooling system has done its job.

Generally speaking, my H.E.A.T. Machine technology replaces the expansion valve with a turbine.  There is a company called Creative Energy Systems, in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, that uses this concept to advantage.  They recognized that the pressure reducing valves on high pressure gas pipelines could be replaced with turbines.  In this manner they get the pressure drop (across the turbine) required to operate their appliances and recover some of the energy that was expended in pressureizing the gas.  This works because the turbine converts the heat energy in the gas to mechanical energy.  The result is a cooler gas coming out of the turbine.  The cooler gas has less volume, therefor less pressure.

In order to understand the H.E.A.T. Machine, you will also have to understand what is known as the GAS LAWS.  I will give you a preview here so you can look them up in your physics books to more completely understand them.  For example terms like “atmosphere”, “mole”, and “oK”.  They are not hard but you need a gut feeling for them or you may not understand some of the H.E.A.T. Machine design concepts.  You will also want to get familier with various conversion tables because data that you find may be metric.

Perfect Gas Law:  PV = nRT

P = Pressure in atmospheres

V = Volume in liters

n = number of moles

R = Gas constant (0.0821 liter-atmospheres/oK/mole.

T = Temperature in degrees K

If constant pressure,    V1/V2 = T1/T2

If constant temperature,           P1/P2 = V2/V1

If constant volume,       P1/P2 = T1/T2

Of course in real life nothing is constant, so the real answer usually involves a combination of the above.

Boyle’s Law:

If temperature is kept constant, the volume of a given mass of gas (mole) is inversely proportional to the pressure which is exerted upon it.

Initial Pressure   =        Pressure Change

Initial Volume               Volume Change

Charles’s Law:

If pressure is kept constant, the volume of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure which is exerted upon it.

InitiaI Volume     =        Volume Change

Initial Temp. oK                        Final Temp. oK

There are more Gas Laws but these are the most applicable.

Work is defined as a force moving through a distance.  One foot-pound (ft-lb) is one pound moving through a distance of one foot.

Heat is the energy that is transfered between two regions because of a difference in their temperatures.

Bibliography

American Society of Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASRAE) Refrigerating fluid Charts and Tables, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho.

Modern Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, by Althouse / Turnquist / Bracciano, copyright 1992.  Published by The Goodhart-Willcox Company, Inc., South Holland, Illinois.

Heat Engines, Thermodynamics in Theory and Practice, by John F. Sandfort, Published by Anchor Books, Doubleday &Co. Inc., Garden City, New York, copyright 1962.

How to Make Home Electricity From Wind, Water and Sunshine,  By John A Kuecken.  Published by TAB Books Inc., Blue Ridge Summit, PA, 17214.  Copyright 1979.

Theory and Tests of Two-Phase Turbines, by David G. Elliott.  Prepared for the US Dept. of Energy through an agreement with NASA by Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA.  March 15, 1982.  JPL Publication 81-105.  

DOE/ER-10614-1, distribution category UC-66d, UC-93.

Boundary-Layer Breakthrough, The Bladeless Turbine, Volume II. Tesla technology Series, compiled by Jeffery A. Hayes.  Published by High Energy Enterprises, Inc., PO Box 5636, Security, Colorado, 80931.

Tesla’s Engine, A New Dimension For Power, compiled by Jeffery A Hayes.  Published by Tesla Engine Builders Association (TEBA), 5464 N. Port Washington Road, Suite 293, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53217.

How To Obtain Abundant Clean Energy, by Linda Baine McGown.  California State University, Long Beach, California and John O’M. Bockris, Texas A &M, Collage Station, Texas.  Plenum Press, New York and London, 227 West 17th Street, New York, NY, 10011.  Copyright 1980.

The Problem of Increasing Human Energy, with special reference to harnessing of the sun’s energy, by Nikola Tesla.  Originally published in Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, June 1900.  Republished as Volume I. The Tesla Technology Series, with introduction by Jeffery A. Hayes and Steven R. Elswick by High Energy Enterprises, Inc., PO Box 5636, Security, Colorado, 80931.

Tesla, Man Out of Time, by Margaret Cheney.  Copyright 1981.  Published by Prentice-Hall, Inc.  Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 07632.

The Solar Electric Home, a photovoltaics how-to handbook, by Joel Davidson and Richard Komp.  Copyright 1983, published by Aatec Publications, PO Box 7119, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48107.

Electronic Design and Construction of Alternate Energy Projects, by R. Andrews Motes, copyright 1985.  Published by TAB Books Inc., Blue Ridge Summit, PA, 17214.

The Sun, Second Edition, our Future Energy Source, by David K. McDaniels, University of Oregon, copyright 1984.  Reprint, published by Kriger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida, 1991.

Our Future Motive Power, by Nikola Tesla.  Pages 230 to 236, Everyday Science and Mechanics, December 1931.

Solar Technology and Energy for Vital Economic Needs, The S.T.E.V.E.N. Foundation, 414 Triphammer Road, Ithaca, New York, 14850.  Professor Vanek.

The Alternative, by Dennis Lee.  A 150 page book and set of three video tapes available from Better World Technologies, PO Box 447, Vernon, New Jersey, 07462.

Borderland Sciences Research Foundation, PO Box 429, Garberville, CA, 95542.  Attn; Peter Lindemann.

I wish to extend a special thanks to the International Tesla Society for having me as a guest speaker and for all the little ways they support alternative energy technology, particularly technology that applies the work of Nikola Tesla.

The International Tesla Society has now been disbanded.